Ignition system for explosion-engines.



R. VARLEY. IGNITION SYSTEM FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES.

APPLIOATIO'N FILED MAY 10, 1907. L 915,390. Pahenteoi Mar. 16, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 R. VAELEY.

I IGNITION SYSTEM FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES.

7 APPLICATION FILED MAYlO, 1907. 91 5,39% Patanted Mar. 16, 1909.

2 SHEBTS-SHEET 2.

- 51mm wide @M WW $513M firm-M 5 .SOll'ifitiiIlGS desired to Lise the some coil, first liTillTED RICHARD Vii RLEY, (ll EMGLEWOOI), Ell .EERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO VARLEY DUPLEX MAGNET COMPANY, A. COiItPORATlIOE l OF NEW JERSEY.

IGNITIQN EBB Application filed liiay 16, l.

i, RICHARD VARLEY, citizen of the United, States, residing at Eng owocw.l, the county of Bergen. and State oi New oersey, hove-invented cor iin new and us .ul improvements in ignition i -ystt :lor ilhi' ilosion-l lngincs,oi which the H112; is 2L full, clear, and exact doscrip tion.

My invention relates to ignition systeios tor explosion engines where an induction coil or coils ero used to impel :1. spark or cits '-l(l6 sparks across the points of suitable spa rk. plugs Within. the engine cylinders.

"il'ic method of jump spark ignition is now commonly employed, but the dischz rge is sometimes obtained from a single coil, sometimes from a plurality of coils, some tiiiies with o hatter-y, endsonietiines with o dynamo. in. case of battery ignition, a vibrator ordinarily employed, (either directly actuate-2d. the coil'orcoils and ornii g :L thereol', or locoted in a SOPztllliiC part oi" the circuit. in case of dynamo ignition, a. vibrator is not used, and the coils arc made heavier, with massive iron cores in order to sccuro at large amount of encrgy in o single discharge. in. duolwgnition systems, it is in connection with. a. dynamo and then in connection with a battery and vibrator. Perfectly satisfactory rcsults cannot be ordinarily secured, however, since the heavily soil inductivo coil odnptcd tor dynamo usc does not worir properly in it vibrator circuit. The inductance is so high that it tithes mi op irecinlr-lc thin for the currci t to risrto it s lull voluc ottereocb interruption zi'illi ci coil closure, so thz'it'the vibrator worlzs very x oluggishly. The induction coils u "(or use with vibrators iliust he as 2 seh-i'iiduc'tiw as possible in order to tile "llJI'illA)! from being sluggish in -ient.

)ltlxtllltllli. in ignition systcms tor ox engines, and particularly in cases, iiaittcry and dynamo are used as sources of current in the some ircseut ihvontiou, lobtziin :1 high i liorgc for the jumpspzirl; by n iu-iplc, and it will be obsorvcd lthough :i vibrator is used to produce a.

ciisrudo d isrno rgc, thore is no restriction upon Patented March 16, 1908,

9-37. fioriai No.

, tho sell-induction or impedance of the induc tion coil. in other words, the induction coil or coilonly he mode as large and inessivc, and with its much iron as is necessary, to secure the bcst olllcioncy. in this way it is obvious they perfectly adopted to the purposes of dynamo ignition. By my involition they are also made suitable to the purposes oi lfmttery and vibrator ignition.

With these objects in VlUW, the invention consists in tho mcthod and in the features of construction and UOn'lbliltliliOIl hereinafter set forth, and linslly pointed out in the 21ppended cl:

ln the drawings: .ligure l is a cliagrann inzttic View of an ignition system embodying the principles of my invention; Fig. 2 is a viow of the some with it switch moved to its alternate position, and Fig. 8 shows a moditication.

in order that the invention may be per tectly understood, ll. will consider briefly the action of on ordinary induction coil. in, the ordinary induction coil, at primary E. M. F. of four to six volts potcntiiil is stepped up to on clectroinotire torcc of perhaps 'hl'ty thousand volts. This ciiorinous incrcose in the voltage is due partly to the ratio of the number of primary to the number oi secondary turns, and which only ho tfplillttl the transl'orincr ell'ect. This ratio, llOYWJVGl, only accounts tor a. traction. of the voltage increase. There is another lctor and which may bo-termcd the hick and which accounts for it grout iuultiplyii o, cll'cct iii the voltage. This is the olirct of tho w'cry abrupt termination of the primer; current llow as distinguishcd from tho nicrc voltogo drop. The primary current is entirely iJl'OliOI'] across a. coiidciiscr inv si-cli, :1 way that it is compcllcd to almost instantly cease to How, and as the elcctromotive l'orcc induccd in the secondary is proportional to the into of change in the magnetic licld as well as the ratio of the turns, there is 2L rcat nuiltiplicotion in the induced secondary i l. M. i (about oni hundred to two hundred told) produced by the abruptness of tho primary current intrrruption, and altogotl or ii'ule 'iendent ol' the ratio betwcvn the number of turns in thc primary and in the secondary.

The show principlos may be summed up as follows: A lurge induction coil with a massive core necessary to secure a powerful spark. Such an induction coil requires considerable time to become charged and is therefore ada ted for use with dynamo ignition where t e dynamo also has. inductance and only a single s ark is attem ted to be obtained. With a vi rater and a attery such a coil having high inductance does not ordinarily work well, becasue it requires too long a time for the current to attain its full strength in the rimary, so that either the vibrator works slbwly or sluggishly, or the sparks are very feeble. But (except for the effect of resistance) there is always bound to be at least a voltage increase proportional to the ratio between the turns in the primary and the secondary windings, no matter how heavy and massive the coil, nor how much its self inductance may be. Accordingly if an ignition system includes a massive coil adapted to the purposes of dynamo ignition, this may always be .0 aerated at its full efliciency to secure a voltage increase proportional to the ratio of its primary and secondary windings. By the present invention such a coil is used in this way in conjunction with certain other apparatus operating on the kick principle, which together'with said coil affords all the functions of a sin le induction coil of" low inductance especia ly designed to work in a battery and vibrator circuit.

In carrying out the present invention I have one small low inductance coil in which the electromotive force is stepped up exclusively by the kick, and another separate more massive coil in which the electrometive force is stepped up wholly by the transformer efi'ect. Since the latter coil does not have anything to do with the vibrator circuit it may be as large'and massive as desired, and suitable to use with dynamo ignition. It really constitutes under these circumstances a transformer. On the other hand, the coil in which the phenomenon of voltage increase is obtained by the kick may have an equal number of turns in the primary and secondary, and may be'in the form of a small double wound supplemental magnet of low inductance adapted to operate the vibrator, when a vibrator is used for primary current interruption. When used in this way a special and very important advantage is secured as will later more fully appear.-

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, 1 indicates a battery or source of electric energy. denotes the "first induction coil above mentioned which secures the voltage by a kick produced by a condenser. This coil has a magnetic core 3, a primary winding 4, a secondary winding 5, and a vibrator armature 6 which acts to close the circuit of the battery through the primary 4. 7 is a condenser which operates to secure the abrupt circuit rupture required. 8 (or 8) denotes the second coil mentioned and which operates by the transformer phenomenon inductance of the coil 8.

This coil may be as largeand massive as desired, having a primary 9 and a secondary 10. I But while the primary and secondary 4 and 5, of coil 2, may have substantiall the same number of turns or windings of 'airly coarse wire, the primary and. secondary 9' and 10 of coil 8 have a ratio in their number of turns to produce any desired voltage increase. The action is as followsgAssuming that the switch 15 is in the position of Fig. 1, a circuit is completed from the battery 1, through the primary 4, and armature 6, energizing the core 3, "and attracting the armature-6 to break the circuit. This circuit being ruptured very abru tly, a current is induced in the secondary 5 which may have one hundred or two hundred times as high a voltage as the original battery or current source 1. The voltage applied to primary 9 is accordingly stepped up to say five hundred volts, and whatever this voltage, the EM. F. at the spark plug 11 is as much greater as the ratio of the number of turns'between the primary 9 and the secondary 10. The available electromotive force of the second ary circuit is bound to .be at least this amount (barring certaincorrections due to resistance). The resulting force delivered at the spark plug, is; however, by virtue of the double action, fully as great as if a single induction'coil were used in which the voltage increase wassecured at once. The necessary sparking voltage being thus secured with circuit, 1 will point out the additional ad vantages which are attained, and which are not secured with an ordinary induction coil. The first of these advantages lies in the fact that the coil 8 of large size and. r is admirably suited to dynamo ignition.

The second advantage of the rangement lies in the fact that the heavy inductance of the coils' 8 and S does not have any effect, or substantialiyrno effect on the rate of vibration of the vibrator or It will he observed 1 the action of the coil 2. that the vibrator 6 is in an entirely separate circuit from the primary winding 9, so that the inductance of this circuit does not ai'iect the current from the battery through the primary 4. Accordin ly, thecurrent in the winding 4 rises quick y to its proper value and the vibrator 6 vibrates with substantially its normal periodicity due to itsr'esiliency. A quick cascade of sparks is therefore sesured at the plugs notwithstanding the heavy This result would not besecured if the vibrator was in the cirbattery and vibrator *f-induction,

'esent are,

electromotive cuit of the primary 9, in which case the spark primary 4, so that the vibrator 6 acts continuously. This is advantageous for high engine speeds at which the period of circuit closure is so small that a stationary vibrator does not have time to get iteslfin I'notion. But, as the vibrator 6 is in continuous vibration, this difficulty does not apply to my present invention. The system is in condition to deliver the spark cascade immediately that the circuit of the primary 9 .is closed by the circuit controller 14.

The alioye arrangement is adapted to give perfect results with dynarno ignition or with hatter); ignition. It is further adapted to give perfect results at the l'iighest engine speeds, since the vihrator Works with its normal rapidity, notwithstanding the high. inductance of the coil, and is further operating all the time so that it does not have to overcom ainonientary inertia whenever the circuit is controlled to produ 3 the spark. All conditions for perfect ignition are there y secured, except that if the hatter-y circuit'is to he constantly closed, there is a fairly high current consun'iption.

in Fig. 2 the switch is") is moved to al tcrnate position, which gives a different arrangement of circuits, designed to secure the greatest possilzle economy in hatter-y current consumption. In this position the current from. the hattery 1 flows through the circuit hrealaer 6 and primary 4 to l lade 15 of switch 15, and through a wire l6, to a 'csistancc device 17, and from thence through sec ondary 5, and the coils 8 and S, to the circuit controller 14. The circuit controller intermittently grounds this end of the circuit ztlill lllGUtlllil' end permanently grounded at this time hy the switch hlade 15'. A single circuit is thcrehy intermittently conuileted and which includes. hoth the 'oil 2 and the primary of one or another of the coils 8, 8. Under these circumstances, the two windings of the coil 2 act together to produce a simple magnet, so that this- (oil constitutes merely an auxiliary yil rator at this time. It has no cil'cct whatever to in(li.icti\'(. ly ii'icrcasc the voltage and. the coils 8, 8, act hoth hy the hick and liy the transformer effect. Of course the action oi the 'viliralor is very sluggish under these circumstances, and not suitalzle to higlnspceds or largepiwer, liul' for slow running on level roads it Works well enough, and the liattery consumption is very economical. Whenever high speeds or large power is required it is a very simple matter to throw the switch 15 to the other position whereupon the apparatus is in condition to Woi'h with solulely perfect eiliciency, 'wlicl her the dynamo or the lrattcry is the source of primary current. This is true he- :ause the dynamo always operates only with the single large massive coil 8 or 8, which is designed to he perfectly suitahle for this purpose. 0n the other hand, when the switch 13 is thrown to connect the battery in circuit,

sec 1 3 circuit conditions t'liagrainnia't'ically shown in Fig. 1, which correspond to the highest possible eiliciency olL-tainahle with a battery and trenihler coil. Thus the apparatus can he made to operate with as high efficiency as is theoretically ohtainalle Whether a dynamo or battery constitutes the current source.

. in. Fig. 3 there is shown a form of the invention in which a slightly different type of switch is used in place of the double pole switch 15 of Figs. 2 and 3. 20 indicates a switch hlade, and. 21 and 22 arecontacts therefor. The switch blade is slotted or formed so that it is capable of engagin both the contacts 21 and 22 at its right-hand )osi tion of throw, determined by the stop 23. [it the left-hand position of throw of the switch arm 20 engagement made exclusively with the contact plate 21. The Winding ll of coil .2 is connected through the battery 1 to the switch blade 20. The contact plate 21 is connected to the wi ding 5, and the con-- tact plate 22 is perm: ntly grounded. at 26. Substantiall the sann fictions aresecured as in hi s. 2 and 3. At he loft-hand posicuit is formed from thehattery 1, through winding 4-, ground at 27 to the grounded arm of the circuit cijnitroller 14;, coil 8 or 8, )(l ing 5, contact plate :21, switch. lilade .20, hi fl; to battery 1. This circuit is identical will that of Pig. 3 already described. v'l hen the suitch'lalarle Ell is nioicd to its rightdmnd position, a closed circuit tcry l, thiough winding;- l, to ground at 37, the other side of the battery .3 being now permanently grounded through the contact plate 2'2. At the sai io time the secondary circuit oi the coil 1 is properly completed since contact plates 2i and are now bridged so that the circuit including winding and the primary o'l coil r i perina nently grounded at one end Z-"fi, and internrill'ently grounded at the other end it. lhe closure of this circuit enables it to operate in exactly the same vary a the circuits already i'ully considered in Fig.

lint l claim,

1. in an ignition (Slllll for explosion encuit including a sou rce of electric energy and adapted to he intermittently broken, an ad dilio'nal cell having its primary in circuit with the secondary of the first coil, and means for connecting the primary and seeo-ndaiy of the first coil in series with one another when desired.

2. in an ignition system for explosion ongines, an induction coil having a primary circuit including a source of electric energy and adapted to he intcrniittcntly broken, an additional.- coil having its primary in circuit with th seeondar 1 of the first coil, and a single switch for connecting the rimary and is formed from liatnines, an induction coil having a primary cna the switch 15 must be displaced to give the tion of tne switch lilade so a continuous cir-- I and includin whereby its primary circuit is intermittently broken, saidicircuit including a source of electric energy, a plurality of induction coils, means for successively connecting their primaries to the secondary of the first mentioned coil, and a switch for connecting the primary and secondary windings of the first mentioned coil in series with one another.

In Witness whereof, I subscribe my signature, in the presence of two witnesses.

RICHARD VARLEY.

secondary of the first coil in series with one enotherwhen desired. v

3. In an ignition system for explosion engines, an induction coil having its primary circuit'edapted to be intermittently broken a source of electric energy, a plurality of induction coils, means for successively connecting their rimziries to the secondary of the first mentioned coil, and a switch for connecting the primary and secondary windings of the first mentioned coil in series with one another. Witnesses:

4. In an ignition system for explosion en- VVALDO M. CHAPIN, gines, an induction 0011 having a vibrator! MAY BIRD. 

